A macular hole is a small break in the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision. This condition can lead to blurred or distorted vision, and in more advanced cases, significant vision loss. While macular holes can develop for a few different reasons, one of the most common factors is aging.
 

What Causes a Macular Hole?

Macular holes most frequently result from age-related changes in the eye. As we get older, the vitreous (a gel-like substance that fills the eye) begins to shrink and pull away from the retina. This natural process is called vitreous detachment. In most people, the vitreous pulls away without issue. However, in some cases, it can tug on the macula with enough force to cause a hole to form.
 

This type of age-related macular hole is most common in people over the age of 60 and is more likely to affect women than men. Other contributing factors can include:

• Previous eye injuries

• Retinal detachment

• High levels of nearsightedness (myopia)

• Diabetic eye disease
   

Recognizing the Symptoms

The symptoms of a macular hole often begin subtly. Patients may notice a slight blurring or distortion in their central vision. Straight lines might appear wavy, or it may be difficult to read or recognize faces. As the hole progresses, the central vision can become more impaired, although peripheral vision usually remains unaffected. Because symptoms can develop slowly, it’s important to schedule regular eye exams. Early detection can improve treatment outcomes and help protect your vision.
 

Diagnosing and Treating a Macular Hole

An eye care specialist can diagnose a macular hole through a comprehensive eye exam and optical coherence tomography (OCT), which provides detailed images of the retina.
 

If a macular hole is detected, treatment often involves a surgical procedure called a vitrectomy. During this procedure, the vitreous is removed and replaced with a gas bubble to help the hole close and heal. Recovery may include face-down positioning to help the bubble press against the macula. In some cases, small holes may close on their own or be monitored over time if they are not affecting vision significantly.
 

Get in Touch with Gulf Coast Retina Center

Macular holes are closely linked to the natural aging process, particularly changes in the vitreous gel of the eye. While this condition can sound concerning, early detection and treatment offer a strong chance of restoring vision or preventing further damage.
 

If you’re noticing changes in your central vision or have concerns about macular holes, schedule a consultation with Gulf Coast Retina Center. Dr. Plous specializes in diagnosing and treating macular holes to help you maintain clear, healthy vision. Visit our office in Sarasota or Venice, Florida, call (941) 312-2769 to book an appointment, or be seen today.